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Data sources

Where every number comes from

Every number on this site traces back to something on this page: a manufacturer data sheet, a legal instrument, an official statistic, or a retail price we observed on a stated date. Where nobody publishes a property for a material class, we leave the row out rather than estimate it.

Retrieved

01

How to read a number here

  1. 01

    The standard matters as much as the number. Notched Charpy, notched Izod and unnotched impact on the same polymer differ by an order of magnitude. Every property row names its own method.

  2. 02

    These are the named grade's numbers, not your spool's. Two manufacturers' PETG can differ by 30 %. Use them to choose a material class, not to size a structural part.

  3. 03

    A printed part is weaker than a test specimen. Values are XY; in Z, strength is often about half. Layer height, extrusion width and temperature move the result more than most differences between grades.

  4. 04

    Numbers age. The retrieval date sits next to every source. Manufacturers reformulate without renaming the product.

ZORVA testing

None yet. ZORVA has not published its own test results; when it does they will appear here and replace the reference values above.

Technical data sheets

Manufacturer printer specifications

Makers' documentation for their own products

Design and manufacturing guidance

  • Protolabs Network

    How to design parts for FDM 3D printing ↗

    An on-demand manufacturer's design guidance, written for industrial machines and for parts customers send in. Its thresholds — 5 mm bridges, 45° overhangs, 5 mm pins — are drawing rules of thumb, not values measured on any one printer.

    Retrieved 2026-09-09

  • Protolabs

    When to Outsource 3D Printing Production ↗

    Guidance from an on-demand manufacturer, stating a metal printer costs at least as much as a CNC machine tool — usually more — while many desktop FDM or SLA printers sell for under $10,000. This is the perspective of a company that sells manufacturing services, not a neutral price survey.

    Retrieved 2026-09-16

  • Protolabs Network (Hubs)

    Metal 3D printing design guide ↗

    Same publisher as protolabs-fdm-design. The $550,000–$2,000,000 DMLS/SLM range and roughly $140,000 for metal wire extrusion are market reference figures at time of writing, not a quote for any named machine.

    Retrieved 2026-09-16

Regulations

Official statistics

Observed retail prices